Skip to main content
. 2019 May 14;16(10):1671. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16101671

Table 1.

Differences in ETGUG duration by walker type.

Variables Fixed Walker
(n = 40)
Friedman’s Mean Rank
Two-Wheeled Walker (Approach 2)
(n = 40)
Friedman’s Mean Rank
Four-Wheeled Walker
(n = 40)
Friedman’s Mean Rank
X2 (2)
PCI 2.03 2.15 1.83 2.177
FHR 1.91 1.99 2.10 0.770
ETGUG duration 1.93 2.43 1.60 15.80 *
Gait speed 2.15 1.50 2.35 15.80 *
Stability and safety 2.38 1.69 1.94 13.02 *
Ease of use 1.14 1.74 2.13 6.07 **

Friedman’s test: non-parametric statistical test to detect differences in treatments across multiple test attempts; X2: Wilcoxon’s test (non-parametric statistical hypothesis test to compare two related samples); PCI: Physiological Cost Index (maximum heart rate/minute during the walking test); FHR: frequency of heart rate (beats per minute, bpm); ETGUG: Expanded Timed Up and Go test (defined as the time spent in seconds to move 20 meters); Gait speed: expressed as the walking distance in meters, divided by 60 seconds; “Stability and safety” and “Ease of use” items: expressed as a Likert score from 1 to 5, with 1 being “dissatisfied” and 5 being “fully satisfied”. * p < 0.001, ** p < 0.005.