Table 2.

Case study characteristics.

School	No. of Students	Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation Score (Low Score = Highest Deprivation) *	Geographic Location **	Stage of Health Promoting Schools Scheme ***	Characteristics of Wellbeing Lead	Engagement with the School Health Research Network (Ranking 1–4) ****	Embeddedness of Health Improvement in the School (Out of 3) *****
Greenfield	<900	Highest 10% (affluent)	Rural	National Quality Award (highest accolade)	Female PE Teacher, aged 26–35 years	4	1.66 (rank 3)
Woodlands	>1200	Around median	Welsh Valleys	Stage 1	Female Assistant Head Teacher, aged 46–55 years	3	1.83 (rank 2)
Highbridge	<700	Lowest 10% (deprived)	Urban	National Quality Award	Female Deputy Head, aged 46–55 years	1	2.43 (rank 1)
Oakwood	>1000	Highest 10% (affluent)	Urban	Stage 3	Female Deputy Head, aged 46–55 years	2	1.34 (rank 4)

* The Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation is a score calculated for each small area of Wales, based on data related to income, employment, health, education, access to services, community safety, physical environment and housing [32]. ** The Welsh Valleys are a unique geographic location and are areas characterised by ex-coal-mining towns and villages and high levels of deprivation. *** These stages range from Stages 1–6 with schools able to be assessed for the highest accolade, the National Quality Award, once they have been a member for 8–9 years [33]. **** Case study schools were ranked highest to lowest according to their level of engagement with the research network and represented a continuum of this engagement from 1 to 4. Further information provided in the text. ***** The composite indicator of embeddedness of health improvement related to the three topics within the HPS Scheme: Curriculum, environment (measured by a number of policies related to health) and parental involvement, resulting in scores of 1 (lowest) to 3 (highest). Further information provided in the text.