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. 2019 May 5;9(5):173. doi: 10.3390/biom9050173

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Effect of inducers (mCSF, RANKL, and rPTHr11) and CCHCs matrix conditioned medium (MCM) on osteoclast formation from ovariectomized mice. (a) Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclast cells; scale bars: 200 μm. (b) Total number (mono-, bi-, tri-, and multi-nucleated) of osteoclasts formed from ovariectomized mice bone marrow macrophages (BMM), 1: mCSF-RANKL, 2: rPTHr11, 3: mCSF-RANKL-rPTHr11, 4: mCSF-RANKL-MCM, 5: rPTHr11-MCM, 6: mCSF-RANKL-rPTHr11-MCM, 7: MCM, * p < 0.05 vs. the mCSF-RANKL-treated group. The osteoclast precursor cells were treated with inducers in the presence or absence of MCM. The combination of mCSF-RANKL-rPTHr11 supported mature osteoclast formation. No osteoclasts formed in the MCM alone group. The experiments were done three times with similar results.