Figure 5.

(A) Cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of SOD1; chimeric fluorescent-tagged proteins bearing either a nuclear export signal (NES; YFP-NES-wtSOD1) or a nuclear localization signal (NLS NLS; YFP-NLS-wtSOD1) in SH-SY5Y cells were used. (B) Protective role of nuclear SOD1 against DNA damage in SH-SY5Y cells; 60 min of 1 mM H₂O₂ Treatment induced marked DNA damage in both NT SOD1 and SOD1-NES in SH-SY5Y cells. In SOD1-NLS cells, instead, no comets were observed, indicating that minor or no DNA fragmentation occurred. (C–E) Comet assay quantification by means tail length, % tail DNA and tail moment were carried out. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (n = 3), followed by Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.