Table 2.
Effect of carvacrol on pathogenic fungi and bacteria in media.
| Carvacrol Concentration (mM) | Mycelial Growth Rate on Media (mm/day) z | Xanthomonas Perforans Concentration after Incubation in Nutrient Broth (CFU/mL) y | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fusarium Spp. | Rhozoctonia Solani | 30 min | 1 h | 2 h | |
| 0 | 3.5 a | 10.6 a | 2.9 × 106 | 5.2 × 106 | 4.4 × 106 |
| 0.25 | 2.3 b | 0.9 b | 2.1 × 106 | 3.3 × 106 | 3.9 × 106 |
| 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 6.5 × 105 | 1.2 × 106 | 3.5 × 105 |
| 0.75 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 × 102 | 15 | 0 |
| 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
z Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates amended with carvacrol were prepared the same day when they were inoculated with pathogens. Means followed by the same letter in the same column were not significantly different at P = 0.05. y Nutrient broth of 20 mL amended with carvacrol was inoculated with 200 µL of bacterial cells grown on nutrient agar (NA) for 24 h (1 × 109 CFU/mL) and incubated at 28 °C with continuous shaking (rpm = 110). A 10-time serial dilution was conducted to determine bacterial concentrations at each sampling time, in which a 20 µL of solution with three replicates was dropped onto NA media for each dilution. ‘0’ CFU/mL means no bacterial colony was detected from the original solution.