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. 2019 May 1;10(5):125. doi: 10.3390/insects10050125

Table 1.

Extant and fossil (†) families of Trichoptera, each with earliest fossil epochs, mean geological age, larval cases or retreats, feeding types, numbers of extant and extinct genera and species of the world, and numbers of extant species in seven biogeographic regions.

Families Earliest Fossils 1 Mean Geological Age (Ma) 2 Cases/
Retreats 3 		Feeding 4 Number of Extant Genera 5 Number of Fossil Genera 5 Number of Extant Species 5 Number of Fossil Species 5 AT Species 5 AU Species 5 EP Species 5 NA Species 5 NT Species 5 OL Species 5 WP Species 5
Psychomyiidae K2 77.05 rt gra,xyl,
gat,pff		 10 3 600 18 43 12 44 18 0 378 116
Xiphocentronidae MI 21.73 rt,tm gat 7 0 183 1 2 0 3 8 58 116 1
Ecnomidae EO 35.55 rt pre,pff 12 1 518 22 98 183 4 3 57 169 11
Polycentropodidae K1 142.85 rt,ca pre,pff 18 11 861 117 21 86 53 9 282 295 72
†Vitimotauliidae J3 148.15 N/A N/A 0 7 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dipseudopsidae K2 91.1 rt pff 5 1 112 10 51 4 3 6 0 53 2
†Electralbertidae K2 77.05 N/A N/A 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kambaitipsychidae N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Pseudoneureclipsidae N/A N/A rt gat? 2 0 121 4 5 1 3 0 4 99 9
Philopotamidae J1 179.3 fn pff 26 10 1508 35 150 215 52 76 354 625 65
Stenopsychidae EO 35.55 rt,fn pff 3 0 107 1 1 9 26 0 3 83 0
Hydropsychidae EO 35.55 rt,fn pff,pre,
gra,gat		 41 2 1982 12 221 181 89 173 457 757 171
†Necrotauliidae TR3 222.6 N/A N/A 0 9 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hydroptilidae K1 118.5 fl,pc pie,gra,
gat,pre,
shh,par		 74 1 2570 22 161 337 89 352 921 614 183
Ptilocolepidae K2 77.05 fl,pc shh 2 0 16 2 0 0 7 2 0 2 5
Glossosomatidae J3 148.15 ps gra 20 1 785 10 6 40 73 100 318 181 91
Hydrobiosidae J3 148.15 fl pre 51 5 427 6 0 199 4 7 184 38 1
Rhyacophilidae J3 158.4 fl pre,shd,
gra		 5 3 833 14 0 0 122 130 0 469 133
Phryganopsychidae N/A N/A pl shd 1 0 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 0
Plectrotarsidae J3 148.15 pl shd 3 1 5 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
†Baissoferidae J3 148.15 N/A N/A 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
†Dysoneuridae J2 173.6 N/A N/A 0 75 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kokiriidae N/A N/A mn pre 6 0 15 0 0 13 0 0 2 0 0
Pisuliidae N/A N/A pl shd 2 0 19 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oeconesidae N/A N/A pl,mn shd 6 0 18 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0
Phryganeidae J3 148.15 pl pre,shh,
gra,gat		 15 7 81 39 0 0 39 28 0 22 18
†Ningxiapsychidae K1 105.8 N/A N/A 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Brachycentridae K1 137.05 pl,mn,si gra,pff,
shh,pre,
gat		 7 1 112 2 0 0 30 39 0 31 28
Lepidostomatidae K1 127.5 pl,mn xyl,shd,
gra,pre		 7 4 519 14 49 3 74 77 22 287 31
Rossianidae N/A N/A mn gat,gra,
shh		 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
†Taymyrelectronidae K2 84.65 N/A N/A 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
†Yantarocentridae EO 46.5 N/A N/A 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Goeridae EO 35.55 mn gra,gat 11 0 189 4 2 5 30 12 0 125 18
Thremmatidae N/A N/A mn gra,gat 3 0 53 0 0 0 9 36 0 5 5
Uenoidae N/A N/A mn gra,gat 4 0 32 0 0 0 1 20 0 11 0
Apataniidae N/A N/A mn gra,gat,
shd,shh		 21 1 212 1 0 0 83 32 0 70 41
Limnephilidae EO 35.55 mn,pl shd,gra,
pre,gat,
pff,shh		 97 3 1037 12 0 2 198 251 43 142 557
Atriplectididae N/A N/A mn sca 4 0 6 0 2 3 0 0 1 0 0
†Ogmomyiidae EO 46.5 N/A N/A 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Limnocentropodidae N/A N/A mn pre 1 0 18 0 0 0 2 0 0 17 0
Tasimiidae N/A N/A mn gra,gat 4 0 9 0 0 7 0 0 2 0 0
Calamoceratidae J3 148..05 pl shd,gra,
pre		 8 4 190 7 6 34 8 5 76 67 2
Molannidae N/A N/A mn pre,gat,
gra		 2 0 42 6 0 0 10 7 0 26 6
Leptoceridae K1 137.05 mn,pl,si shh,pre, gra,gat 49 9 2235 30 353 324 123 130 286 987 125
Odontoceridae K2 84.65 mn gra,gat, pre 15 4 172 8 4 5 14 15 47 89 3
Philorheithridae N/A N/A mn pre 9 0 30 0 3 21 0 0 6 0 0
Ceylanopsychidae N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Antipodoeciidae N/A N/A mn gra 3 0 34 0 0 1 0 0 33 0 0
Beraeidae EO 35.55 mn gat,shd,
gra		 7 0 59 3 2 0 1 3 0 0 53
Chathamiidae N/A N/A cl shh 2 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Hydrosalpingidae N/A N/A si gat,gra 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Parasericostomatidae N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0
Helicopsychidae EO 35.55 mn gra 2 5 281 15 17 53 2 14 116 80 5
Sericostomatidae K2 84.65 mn,si shd,gat,
shh,pre		 16 4 103 6 19 0 2 16 7 4 58
Petrothrincidae N/A N/A mn gra 1 0 14 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heloccabucidae N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Calocidae N/A N/A mn,pl gat 7 0 33 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0
Helicophidae K1 127.5 mn,pl,si gat,shh 9 0 47 0 0 31 0 0 16 0 0
Barbarochthonidae N/A N/A si,mn shd 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Conoesucidae N/A N/A mn,pl,si gra,shd,shh 11 0 42 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0
ichnotaxa J1/J2 174.1 mn,pc,pl N/A 0 11 0 265 0 0 226 10 1 0 31
TOTALS 618 121 16,266 765 1251 1873 1426 1581 3309 5854 1841

1 Periods and Epochs from [6], except Ptilocolepidae [7], †Yantarocentridae [8], †Ogmomyiidae [9]. Abbreviations: Mesozoic Periods: TR2 = Middle Triassic, TR3 = Late Triassic, J1 = Early Jurassic, J2 = Middle Jurassic, J3 = Late Jurassic, K1 = Early Cretaceous, K2 = Late Cretaceous; Cenozoic Epochs: EP = Paleocene, EO = Eocene, OL = Oligocene, MI = Miocene; N/A = fossils not available. 2 [10]. 3 [1,2]. 4 [1,2,11,12]. Abbreviations: gat = gatherers/scrapers of sedimented FPOM; gra = grazers/scrapers of endolithic and epilithic algal tissues, biofilm, partially FPOM, partially tissues of living plants; par = parasites; pff = passive filter feeders of suspended FPOM, CPOM, and micro prey from moving water by use of nets or leg hairs and specialized mouthparts; pie = piercers of filamentous algae; pre = predators; sca = scavengers of larger dead animals; shd = shredding detritivores of CPOM (mainly fallen leaves, dead plant tissue); shh = shredding herbivores of living plant tissue. 5 [5]. Biogeographic Regions: AT = Afrotropical, AU = Australasian, EP = East Palearctic, NA = Nearctic, NT = Neotropical, OL = Oriental, WP = West Palearctic.