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. 2019 Apr 30;11(5):760. doi: 10.3390/polym11050760
FDM Fused Deposition Modeling is a technology of digital additive manufacturing based on layered deposition of melted thermoplastic;
FFF Fused Filament Fabrication, which is the same as FDM, with the only difference being that the FDM is a trademark of Stratasys Inc., while the FFF is a term coined inside the RepRap community. Since the current study involves open-source 3D printer, the term FFF is used;
Filament Plastic in the filament form used as supply in FFF process;
Thread Extruded and deposited thread of plastic mimicking the FFF part;
Shell A component of FFF part, reproducing the lateral surface of 3D model. The shell of a layer consists of single or multiple equidistant perimeters formed by the thread. The number of perimeters and the thread wideness are responsible for the shell thickness;
Infill An internal component of FFF part, formed by threads in orthogonal straight lines. The distance between the threads defines the infill density;
Base A component of FFF part, reproducing flat surfaces parallel to the 3D printer bed. Base may consist of multiple layers, usually printed mutually orthogonally in XY directions, and can be disabled;
Fracture load The load observed during mechanical testing at which the sample exhibits the first crack, in the context of the study, the fracture load is the sample strength;
Relative Strength A ratio of sample fracture load to its mass;
Flow rate (mm3/s) The volume of plastic delivered through the nozzle per unit time;
Printing speed or Feed rate The speed of nozzle traveling across XY plane while extruding the plastic.