Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of metabolic syndrome patients and age-matched controls.
| Control Volunteers (n = 21) |
Metabolic Syndrome Patients (n = 18) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 48.8 ± 2.7 | 52.2 ± 3.2 | 0.42 |
| Gender M/F (%) | 5/16 (23.8/76.2) | 3/15 (16.7/83.3) | 0.59 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 0.7 | 31.0 ± 0.9 ** | <0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.4 ± 2.6 | 83.3 ± 2.9 ** | <0.01 |
| Height (cm) | 164.9 ± 2.4 | 163.8 ± 1.7 | 0.71 |
| Waist circumference (cm) total | 85.4 ± 2.0 | 100.0 ± 1.7 ** | <0.01 |
| Waist circumference (cm) male | 92.4 ± 2.1 | 105.0 ± 1.2 ** | <0.01 |
| Waist circumference (cm) female | 83.0 ± 2.3 | 99.0 ± 1.9 ** | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116.6 ± 2.0 | 130.3 ± 2.1 ** | <0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.7 ± 1.9 | 79.9 ± 1.2 ** | <0.01 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 86.7 ± 1.5 | 103.8 ± 3.0 ** | <0.01 |
| Insulin (mIU/L) | 7.6 ± 0.9 | 18.4 ± 2.0 ** | <0.01 |
| HOMA Index | 1.7 ±0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.5 ** | <0.01 |
| Total Cholesterol levels (mg/dL) | 206.1 ± 6.8 | 239.5 ± 12.8 * | <0.05 |
| LDL levels (mg/dL) | 130.6 ± 5.4 | 156.2 ± 11.2 * | <0.05 |
| HDL levels (mg/dL) | 66.0 ± 2.5 | 50.5 ± 2.1 ** | <0.01 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 81.0 ± 7.3 | 181.6 ± 30.0 ** | <0.01 |
| IgG (mg/dL) | 966.7 ± 41.1 | 985.8 ± 48.9 | 0.76 |
| IgM (mg/dL) | 100.4 ± 7.6 | 104.5 ± 13.0 | 0.78 |
| IgE (mg/dL) | 42.6 ± 12.0 | 57.2 ± 17.3 | 0.48 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 0.23 |
BMI, body mass index; HOMA, homeostatic model assessment; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; Ig, immunoglobulin; CRP, C-reactive protein. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 or ** p < 0.01 relative to values in the control group.