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. 2019 May 12;9(5):97. doi: 10.3390/metabo9050097

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Confirmation of bioactivity of putative plant metabolites identified in L.sativa. (a) α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 4-oxononanoic acid (4-ONA), 2,3,5,4′tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG), and Ferulic acid (FA) (0.1–1.0 mM; n = 3). (b) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition for, THSG, and FA (0.3–3.0 mM; n = 3). (c) GLP-1 secretory responses of each ONA, THSG, and FA (0.1–1.0 mM; n = 4). All values are mean ± SEM. All statistical comparisons were One Way ANOVA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared with PBS or HEPES ∆ p < 0.05, ∆∆ p < 0.01 and ∆∆∆ p < 0.001 compared with acarbose or berberine respectively. Inhibitory activities (α-glucosidase and DPP-4) were calculated as a percentage of the vehicle control.

Confirmation of bioactivity of putative plant metabolites identified in L.sativa. (a) α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 4-oxononanoic acid (4-ONA), 2,3,5,4′tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG), and Ferulic acid (FA) (0.1–1.0 mM; n = 3). (b) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition for, THSG, and FA (0.3–3.0 mM; n = 3). (c) GLP-1 secretory responses of each ONA, THSG, and FA (0.1–1.0 mM; n = 4). All values are mean ± SEM. All statistical comparisons were One Way ANOVA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared with PBS or HEPES ∆ p < 0.05, ∆∆ p < 0.01 and ∆∆∆ p < 0.001 compared with acarbose or berberine respectively. Inhibitory activities (α-glucosidase and DPP-4) were calculated as a percentage of the vehicle control.