Table 2.
Perioperative characteristics of kidney recipients.
| Control Group (n = 83) | RIPC Group (n = 85) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative characteristics | |||
| Age | 45.9 ± 13.4 | 47.6 ± 10.0 | 0.34 |
| Males, n (%) | 43 (50.6) | 46 (54.1) | 0.65 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.6 ± 3.6 | 22.8 ± 3.3 | 0.68 |
| sCr, mg/dL | 7.9 (5.7–9.2) | 7.5 (6.0–9.1) | 0.53 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 7.0 (5.0–9.0) | 7.0 (5.0–9.0) | 0.41 |
| Duration of chronic renal failure, months | 72.9 ± 84.1 | 70.8 ± 58.4 | 0.22 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 67 (78.8) | 64 (75.30) | 0.58 |
| Second transplantation, n (%) | 9 (10.8) | 6 (7.1) | 0.39 |
| ABO incompatibility, n (%) | 28 (33.7) | 25 (29.4) | 0.55 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 76 (89.4) | 70 (82.4) | 0.19 |
| Cerebrovascular accident, n (%) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 0.50 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 18 (21.2) | 22 (25.9) | 0.47 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 4 (4.7) | 2 (2.4) | 0.68 |
| Intraoperative characteristics | |||
| Duration of operation, min | 267.0 (252.0–302.5) | 267.0 (230.0–310.0) | 0.51 |
| Plasmalyte, mL | 950 (700–1300) | 1000 (700–1260) | 0.83 |
| Transfusion of RBC, n (%) | 5 (6.0) | 3 (3.5) | 0.69 |
| 20% Mannitol, mL | 150 (125–170) | 150 (125–175) | 0.85 |
| Cold ischemic time, min | 41.0 (26.5–56.0) | 37.0 (22.0–55.0) | 0.23 |
| Warm ischemic time, min | 28.0 (24.0–31.0) | 25.0 (23.0–29.0) | <0.01 |
| Lowest mean blood pressure, mmHg | |||
| Before reperfusion | 78.0 (70.0–83.0) | 79.3 (71.0–87.3) | 0.30 |
| After reperfusion | 84.8 ± 11.4 | 87.0 ± 11.1 | 0.20 |
| Intraoperative inotropic use, n (%) | 12 | 10 | 0.77 |
| Dobutamine | 6 | 9 | - |
| Norepinephrine | 6 | 1 | - |
| Urine output, mL | 430 (260–745) | 440 (300–680) | 0.80 |
RIPC, remote ischemic preconditioning; sCr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation; ABO incompatibility, ABO incompatibility between recipients and donors; RBC, red blood cells. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range, or number (%), as appropriate.