Table 1.

Urine-derived cells can be used to generate differentiated cells for modelling genetic diseases.

Cellular Model	Genetic Disease
Native urine-derived stem cells	Fabry disease Inherited epidermolysis bullosa Spinal muscular atrophy Genetic kidney disorders
Direct reprogrammed urine cells (MyoD, alginate microbeads-specific growth factors, transcriptional factors-neurotrophic factors)	Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Wilson’s disease
Urine-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)	Hemophilia A Familial hypercholesterolemia Phenylketonuria Down syndrome Spinocerebellar ataxia Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia Cardiac diseases