Table 1.
Number of natural enemies (± Standard Error) assessed during all the sampling period in the visuals observations (VO, number/1 m2 × 3 min) and the beating tray samplings (BTS, number/1 m2) of the margins.
Type of Sampling | Arthropod Group | Treatment | Year | Year*Treatment | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control Margin ± SE | Flower Margin ± SE | F1,12 | p | F 1,12 | p | F 1,12 | p | ||
VO | Adult hoverflies | 0.384 ± 0.077 | 4.242 ± 0.463 | 109.052 | <0.001 | 0.968 | 0.348 | 3.182 | 0.114 |
BTS | All predators | 0.724 ± 0.122 | 2.203 ± 0.332 | 39.991 | <0.001 | 1.323 | 0.278 | 0.773 | 0.405 |
Thysanoptera | 0.035 ± 0.012 | 0.224 ± 0.039 | 42.784 | <0.001 | 6.663 | 0.026 | 2.811 | 0.128 | |
Araneae | 0.321 ± 0.049 | 0.679 ± 0.140 | 6.340 | 0.034 | 0.175 | 0.684 | 0.314 | 0.589 | |
Heteroptera | 0.280 ± 0.114 | 1.085 ± 0.307 | 17.482 | <0.001 | 4.676 | 0.057 | 0.230 | 0.644 | |
Coleoptera | 0.045 ± 0.009 | 0.139 ± 0.048 | 6.100 | 0.038 | 7.036 | 0.023 | 5.506 | 0.046 | |
Other predators | 0.044 ± 0.015 | 0.074 ± 0.007 | 3.810 | 0.081 | 2.003 | 0.185 | 3.446 | 0.094 | |
Parasitoid wasps | 0.161 ± 0.015 | 0.623 ± 0.083 | 30.017 | <0.001 | 0.282 | 0.606 | 0.799 | 0.394 | |
Phytophagous insects | 2.828 ± 0.604 | 4.66 ± 0.598 | 7.655 | 0.025 | 1.654 | 0.229 | 0.002 | 0.968 |
* Test statistics (F-value (F)) and p (likelihood ratio) are shown. Significant p values (p <0.05) are shown in bold.