Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study subjects according to the success rate of balloon adhesiolysis for multiple targets.
| Parameter | Below 50% (n = 48) | 50–85% (n = 79) | 85–100% (n = 148) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 68.9 (12.2) | 61.9 (12.8) | 61.6 (13.1) | 0.003 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male/female | 22/26 (45.8/54.2) | 48/31 (60.8/39.2) | 79/69 (53.4/46.6) | 0.251 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.2 (4.1) | 24.8 (2.9) | 24.2 (2.9) | 0.019 |
| Areas of pain, n (%) | 0.943 | |||
| Back/leg/both | 7/4/37 (14.6/8.3/77.1) |
11/8/60 (13.9/10.1/76.0) |
17/17/114 (11.5/11.5/77.0) |
|
| Duration of pain (months) | 12.0 (4.0–24.0) | 12.0 (7.0–36.0) | 12.0 (6.0–24.0) | 0.771 |
| Concurrent disease, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 10 (20.8) | 8 (10.1) | 27 (18.2) | 0.189 |
| Hypertension | 30 (62.5) | 38 (48.1) | 74 (50.0) | 0.244 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 14 (29.2) | 35 (44.3) | 43 (29.1) | 0.053 |
| Spinal stenosis grading, n (%) | ||||
| Central canal (A/B/C/D) |
9/11/9/1 (18.8/22.9/18.8/2.1) |
16/15/23/0 (20.3/19.0/29.1/0.0) |
35/20/25/3 (23.6/13.5/16.9/2.0) |
0.355 |
| Foraminal (mild/moderate/severe) |
11/17/20 (22.9/35.4/41.7) |
28/22/24 (35.4/27.8/30.4) |
51/33/34 (34.5/22.3/23.0) |
0.190 |
| Spondylolisthesis, n (%) | 6 (12.5) | 5 (6.3) | 13 (8.8) | 0.480 |
| MQS, points | 11.8 (8.0–15.0) | 11.0 (8.0–12.2) | 8.0 (7.6–11.2) | 0.100 |
| Pain intensity (NRS) | ||||
| Back | 7.0 (4.0–8.0) | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | 0.414 |
| Leg | 7.0 (5.5–8.0) | 6.0 (5.0–8.0) | 7.0 (5.0–8.0) | 0.515 |
| ODI (%) | 34.0 (24.5–39.5) | 30.0 (23.0–38.0) | 28.0 (22.0–35.0) | 0.071 |
| BDI, points | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 6.0 (5.0–9.0) | 6.0 (4.0–11.0) | 0.595 |
The patients were divided into groups of less than 50%, 50–85%, and 85–100% depending on the success rate of the ballooning procedure for multiple target sites. Data are expressed numbers (%), and means ± standard deviation, or medians (interquartile range). MQS = medication quantification scale; NRS = numeric rating scale; ODI = Oswestry disability index; BDI = Beck depression inventory.