Table 3.
Acrylamide and HMF contents in non-extruded and extruded samples.
| Sample* | Non-Extruded | Extruded | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrylamide (ng/g) | HMF (ng/g) | Acrylamide (ng/g) | HMF (ng/g) | |
| Corn grits | <LOD | 63.0 ± 3.00 a | 2.25 ± 0.29 a | 174 ± 2.21 a |
| Corn + 5% BSG | <LOD | 68.2 ± 3.31 a | 2.74 ± 0.02 a,b | 192 ± 5.36 a |
| Corn + 10% BSG | <LOD | 78.4 ± 4.89 a | 2.86 ± 0.05 a,b | 290 ± 18.9 a |
| Corn + 15% BSG | <LOD | 83.8 ± 4.89 a | 3.13 ± 0.23 b | 301 ± 12.6 a |
| Corn + 5% SBP | <LOD | 86.0 ± 0.47 a | 2.59 ± 0.02 a,b | 173 ± 11.2 a |
| Corn + 10% SBP | <LOD | 88.1 ± 1.26 a | 2.68 ± 0.07 a,b | 224 ± 30.5 a |
| Corn + 15% SBP | <LOD | 90.6 ± 0.32 a | 3.00 ± 0.21 b | 317 ± 9.47 a |
| Corn + 5% AP | <LOD | 421 ± 20.5 b | 3.98 ± 0.07 c | 971 ± 85.2 b |
| Corn + 10% AP | <LOD | 801 ± 37.9 c | 4.93 ± 0.71 d | 2622 ± 110 c |
| Corn + 15% AP | <LOD | 1277 ± 11.0 d | 5.37 ± 0.50 d | 6069 ± 789 d |
<LO—below limit of detection; BSG—brewer’s spent grain, SBP—sugar beet pulp, AP—apple pomace; * Values with different letters in the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05.