Table 5.

The effects of conventional freezing on DFI in groups dichotomized by different parameters (n=120)

Group	DFI (%)		p-value
	Before freezing	After thawing
Motility
Normal (≥ 32%)	18.38 ± 9.89	22.15 ± 9.56	< 0.001
Abnormal (< 32%)	20.16 ± 10.25	22.31 ± 8.14	0.024
Viability
Normal (≥ 58%)	18.78 ± 9.42	22.09 ± 8.89	< 0.001
Abnormal (< 58%)	44.30 ± 19.37	30.20 ± 5.09	a)
Morphology
Normal (≥ 4%)	19.03 ± 9.88	22.57 ± 9.32	< 0.001
Abnormal (< 4%)	19.35 ± 10.26	21.96 ± 8.61	0.004

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

DFI, DNA fragmentation index.

^a)A statistical analysis could not be done because there were too few samples with abnormal viability (n=2).