Table 1.
Information on studies conducted from December 2013 through 2018 examining night eating syndrome and weight
| Reference | Location | Sample size | Type of Sample | Mean age (years) | Mean BMI (kg/m2) | Height & Weight Measurement | Prevalence of NES | Sex | Race |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aloi et al., 2017 (13) | Italy | 444 | College students | 21.4 (±2.3) |
22.4(±4.1) | Self-reported | 1.2% | 73.6% female | NR |
| Antelmi et al., 2014 (12)•) | Italy | 120 | Adult patients with RLS | 63.8 (±11.5) | 26.6(±4) |
Self-reported | 17% | 69.2% female | NR |
| de Zwaan et al., 2014 (26) | Germany | 2459 | Representative national sample of teens and adults | 48.1(±19) | NES: 28.4 (±6.8) No NES: 25.1(±3.7) |
Self-reported | 1.1% | 51.1% female | NR |
| Gallant et al., 2014 (23) | Canada | 615 (of 1630 full cohort) | Adults | Female: 40.3 (±5.1) Male: 42.5 (±5.9) |
Female: 28.8 (±6.2) Male: 30.3 (±5.0) |
Researcher measured | Female: 0.5% Male: 0.3% (in full cohort) |
50.4% female | 100% Caucasian |
| Gallant et al., 2015 (21)••) | Canada | 388 | Adults | 41.2(±5.7) | 29.6(±5.7) | Researcher measured | NR | 59.0% female | 100% Caucasian |
| Geliebter et al., 2016 (28)•) | New York, USA | 84 | Adult patients undergoing a PSG |
43.2(±13.3) | Females: 35.3(±13.4) Males: 33.0(±11.1) |
Medical chart | 6% met full NES criteria 30% met sub-threshold NES criteria |
40.5% female | NR |
| He et al., 2018 (14) | China | 1237 | College students | 19.96 (±1.36) | 20.78 (±2.71) |
Self-reported | NR | 54.2% female | 84.2% Han |
| Hood et al., 2014 (30)•) | Chicago, USA | 194 | Adult patients with Type 2 diabetes | 58.4(±13.0) | 35.6 (±8.3) |
Medical chart | 7% | 70.1% female | 28% Caucasian |
| Kim et al., 2016 (24) | South Korea | 404 (of 3617 full sample) |
Adult nurses | <29 years = 68.6% 30–39 years = 29.5% ≥40 years = 2% |
Mean BMI NR BMI <18 = 64.6% BMI 18.5–23 =16.3% BMI ≥23 = 19.1% |
Self-reported | 5.7% (in full sample) | 100% female | NR |
| Kucukgoncu et al., 2014 (10)•) | Turkey | 155 | Adult mental health outpatients with depression | 35.80 (±8.78) | NES: 28.89(±6.50) No-NES: 26.20(±5.31) |
Researcher measured | 21.3% | 80.6% female | NR |
| Latzer et al., 2014 (8) | Israel | 141 | Adults from the community and adults seeking treatment for weight loss | Full NES: 39.94 (±13.26) Subthreshold-NES: 41.74 (±14.47) Other EDs 49.00(±10.41) Control: 41.64(±11.44) |
Full NES: 29.88 (±8.11) Subthreshold NES: 28.69 (±6.93) Other EDs: 30.41 (±4.31) Control: 25.14(±5.17) |
Self-reported | 41.84% | 71.6% female | NR |
| Melo et al., 2018 (27)•) | Brazil | 120 (80 BD patients, 40 controls) | Adult patients with bipolar disorder recruited from four “institutions” | BD patients: 42.3 (±12.7) | All BD patients: 29.4 (±4.8) BD with NES: 30.4(±4.0) BD without NES:29.3 (±4.9) |
Measured by “qualified professional” | 8.8% in BD patients 0% in control group |
BD patients with and without NES: 61.3% female | NR |
| Meule et al., 2014 (22)••) |
Germany | 2317 | Representative national adult sample | 51.45(±16.97) | 25.35(±3.83) | Self-reported | NR | 53.7% female | NR |
| Meule et al., 2014 (17)••) | Germany | 729 | Primarily college students (91% of sample) | 23.55 (±3.89) | 22.59(±4.24) | Self-reported | >30 NEQ score: 0.3% >25 NEQ score: 1.2% |
77.0% female | NR |
| Nolan & Geliebter, 2016 (18) | New York, USA | 393 analyzed (of 498 full sample) | College students (64.6%) and community members (35.4%) | Students: 18.7(±0.1 SEM) Community: 44.5(±0.9 SEM) |
Students: 24.5(±0.3 SEM) Community: 27.1(±0.4 SEM) |
Researcher measured (students) Self-reported (community) |
>30 NEQ score: Students: 0%, Community 4.1% >25 NEQ score: Students: 2%, Community: 8.2% |
Students: 63.1% female Community: 59% female |
NR |
| Nolan & Geliebter, 2017 (19) | New York, USA | 722 | College students (41.2%) and community members (58.8%) | Students: 18.7(±0.1 SEM) Community: 42.9(±0.6 SEM) |
Students: 24.5(±0.3 SEM) Community: 28.0(±0.3 SEM) |
Researcher measured (students) Self-reported (community) |
Met full criteria for NES on NEDQ= Students: 2.4% Community: 9.4% Met subthreshold criteria for NES on NEDQ= Students: 18.1% Community: 16.7% |
Students: 63.1% female Community: 55.8% female |
Students: 83.6% Cauca-sian Com-munity: 78.2% Caucas-ian |
| Olejniczak et al., 2018 (25) | Poland | 611 | Adults | 22.7(SD NR) | Mean BMI NR Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9): 79.1% Overweight (BMI 25–29.9): 11.1% Obese (BMI ≥30): 2.8% |
Self-reported | ≥30 NES score: 0.7% ≥25 NES score: 1.3% |
100% female | NR |
| Runfola et al., 2014 (15) | 10 locations in USA | 1636 | College students | 20.9(±1.7) | 23.3(±3.4) | Self-reported | Met full diagnostic criteria: 4.2% ≥30 NES score: 0.5% ≥25 NES score: 2.5% |
59.5% female | 74.2% Caucasian |
| Saraçlı et al, 2015 (9)•) | Turkey | 433 | Mixed mental health outpatients | 37.75(±12.02) | 27.4(±5.4) | Psychiatrist measured | Met full diagnostic criteria: 22.4% ≥30 NES score: 9% ≥25 NES score: 19.4% |
70.7% female | NR |
| Tu et al., 2018 (11)••) | Taiwan | 167 | Mental health outpatients with eating disorders and internet referrals both with and without eating disorders | NES only patients: 27.7(±8.0) BED patients: 26.1(±7.3) BN with NES patients: 28.6(±6.2) Control: 26.6(±7.6) |
NES only patients: 23(±7.1) BED patients: 21.2(±3.1) BN with NES patients: 22.4(±3.1) Control: 22.1(±4.5) |
Self-reported | 22% of full sample, 27% of portion of sample with EDs | 91.6% female | NR |
| Yahia et al., 2017 (16) | Michigan,USA | 413 | College students | 20.6(±1.68) | 23.96(±3.60) | Re-searcher measured | Met full diagnostic criteria on NEDQ: 1.2% | 78.2% female | 91.2% Cauca-sian |
| Yeh & Brown, 2014 (20) | Australia | 330 | College students (48.4% of sample), university personnel, and their friends and colleagues | 27.42 (±10.36) | 26.08(±8.55) | Self-reported | ≥25 NES score: 9% | 67.6% female | NR |
| Vinai et al., 2015 (29)•) | Italy | 54 used in analysis (60 full sample) |
Adult patients who engaged in a NI during a PSG and met criteria for NES and matched control patients |
44.3 (±10.90) [those with nocturnal ingestions] 45.8 (±11.27) [matched controls] |
26.3(±3.88) [those with nocturnal ingestions] 23.1(±3.63) [matched controls] |
Self-reported | NR | 50% female | NR |
BMI Body mass index; NES Night eating syndrome; NR Not reported; RLS Restless Leg Syndrome; PSG Polysomnography; EDs Eating Disorders; SD Standard deviation; SEM Standard error of the mean; BD Bipolar Disorder; NEQ Night Eating Questionnaire; NEDQ Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire; BED Binge eating Disorder; BN Bulimia Nervosa; NI nocturnal ingestion.