Table 1.

Summary of Class I zinc-dependent HDAC isoforms

HDAC	Cellular location	Tissue distribution	Known biological functions
HDAC1	Nucleus193	Ubiquitous194	Cellular proliferation,195,196 and cell cycle regulation and haematopoiesis197,198 DNA damage response,199 cardiac development115,119 Oligodendrocyte, glial cell, synapse and neuronal cell development and function,146,148,154,155,158,200 regulating Schwann cells156,201 Osteogenic and skeletal muscle development,99,202 cartilage formation43 Modulating T cell response,203 epidermal formation,204 adipogenesis205
HDAC2	Nucleus193	Ubiquitous194	Cell cycle regulation,198 DNA damage response,199 cardiac development115,117 Oligodendrocyte, glial cell, synapse and neuronal cell development and function,146,148,154,155,158,160,206 regulating Schwann cells151,201 Skeletal muscle development,202 regulating cartilage structure43 epidermal formation,204 adipogenesis205
HDAC3	Nucleus and cytoplasm193	Ubiquitous194	Cell cycle regulation,207,208 Liver function,38,209 cardiac function,120,121 osteogenic development,99 bone mass and bone formation,67–70,99 including osteoclast suppression,82 chondroprogenitor differentiation to cartilage68 Brain function162 and proliferation/differentiation of neural cells145,208 hematopoietic stem cell growth10
HDAC8	Nucleus and cytoplasm193	Ubiquitous194	Craniofacial, skull and bone formation in embryonic development210