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. 2019 Jun 17;9:8659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45270-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Microbiome depletion with Abx improves splenomegaly, rescues increased intestinal/serum inflammatory cytokines, and rescues decreased barrier marker genes in SCD male mice. (a) Increased gut bacteria load in SCD mice and bacterial depletion after Abx treatment in both Ctrl and SCD mice. NC: negative control, same processing but without feces. n = 4 mice/group. (b) Representative images of the spleen. (c) Spleen weight. n = 4 mice/group. (d–h) RT-qPCR of RNA from the middle 20 mm of the small intestine (SI) analyzed for (d) Tnfα, (e) Il17, (f) Ifnγ, (g) claudin 3, and (h) claudin 15. n = 4 mice/group. (i–k) Luminex Assays of serum (i) INFγ, (j) IL27, and (k) IL10. n = 4 mice/group. Data are mean ± SE. *p < 0.05 compared with Ctrl-H₂O; ^#p < 0.05 compared with corresponding H₂O group by two-way ANOVA.