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. 2019 Jun 17;9:8659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45270-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Microbiome depletion with Abx rescued several bone phenotypes in SCD male mice as determined by bone histomorphometry. (a) von Kossa staining shows decreased trabeculae in SCD-H₂O group that was partially rescued with Abx treatment. (b) Calcein and Xylenol orange labeling shows decreased double-label distance in the SCD-H₂O group compared with the Ctrl-H₂O group, that was partially rescued with Abx treatment. (c) Mineral apposition rate (MAR), (d) mineral surface/bone surface (MS/BS), (e) bone formation rate/bone surface (BFR/BS), (f) osteoblast surface per bone surface (ObS/BS), (g) osteoclast number/bone surface (N.Oc/BS), (h) osteoclast surface/bone surface (OcS/BS). n = 4 mice/group. Data are mean ± SE. *p < 0.05 compared with Ctrl-H₂O; ^#p < 0.05 compared with corresponding H₂O group by two-way ANOVA.