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. 2019 Jun 17;9:8649. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44927-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plasma treatment has opposite effect on germination of A. thaliana Col-0, gl2 and gpat5 seeds under osmotic condition. This means that Col-0 and gl2 seeds showed a plasma stimulation of the germination rate while gpat5 showed the inverse effect (i.e. an inhibition of the germination). The testa rupture was evaluated as a function of time and different genotypes. The blue curves represent the control seeds and the red the plasma treated seeds. (A–C): Col-0; (D–F): gl2; (G–I): gpat5. 3 different germination conditions were tested: control without PEG (A,D,G,J); 2,5% of PEG (B,E,H,K); 5% of PEG (C,F,I,L). Due to the lack of germination with PEG content higher than 5%, the obtained percentage of testa rupture are not shown. The bar charts represent the plasma effect on the testa rupture compared to the control one (J–L).