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. 2019 Jun 17;9:8661. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44935-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Multispectral photoacoustic (PA) imaging of blood oxygenation (sO₂) as part of the cluster experiment. After a 15 min baseline scan, spreading depolarization (SD) was induced by potassium chloride (KCl) stimulation in the left hemisphere of a porcine brain. The sagittal plane was continuously imaged for 51 min. (a) PA sO₂ estimation before stimulation with marked regions of interest (ROI). Refer to Supplemental Video 2 – a time lapse video of the change of sO₂ – for a complete view. The playback speed is 100 times the recording speed. (b) Time evolution of estimated sO₂ in the two ROI (top: whole recording period; bottom: first wave). (c) The change in blood oxygenation (ΔsO₂) relative to before KCl stimulation is shown for three example time steps 30 seconds apart (T₁, T₂ and T₃), corresponding to the dashed lines in (b).