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. 2019 Jun 17;4:14. doi: 10.1038/s41536-019-0077-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Qualitative evaluation of hTEM patches cultured with hDF and quantitative tissue composition after 4 weeks culture at different TGF-β1 concentrations. a Representative image of the polyglycolic acid/poly-4-hydroxybutyrate scaffold sutured onto a stainless metal ring before in vitro culture. b Representative image of a hTEM after 4 weeks culture showing shiny neo-tissue deposition and homogeneous matrix distribution. c GAGs content showed slightly higher amount in patches cultured at 5 ng/ml TGF-β1. d HYP content showed similar expression values among all the different groups. e–h Representative images of H&E staining show more pronounced neo-tissue formation for hTEM cultured with TGF-β1 in comparison with the control group. i–l VGEL staining did not show any expression of elastic fibers at 4 weeks follow-up. Col-1 m–p and Col-3 q–t deposition is enhanced in hTEM cultured in the presence of TGF-β1 (scale bars 100 μm). Dot plot graphs present mean ± standard deviation (center line and bounds of error bars, respectively)