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Cross-lagged model estimating the longitudinal relationship between adolescent heavy drinking days and perceived peer substance involvement. Significant direct paths from the best-fitting model are depicted. Parameter estimates are standardized values. Covariates (adolescent age, sex, ethnicity) were assessed at baseline. SI indicates substance involvement; BL, baseline; M6, 6-month follow-up; YR, 12-month follow-up.
N = 109.
*P ⩽ .05; **P < .01.
