HVS-induced fast field oscillations (400–500 Hz ripple). A, Averaged HVS and associated unit firing histograms from layers IV–VI. B, Wide-band (a and a′; 1 Hz–5 kHz), filtered field (b and b′; 200–800 Hz), and filtered unit (c and c′; 0.5–5 kHz) traces from layers IV and V, respectively. C, Averaged fast waves and corresponding unit histograms. The field ripples are filtered (200–800 Hz) derivatives of the wide-band signals recorded from 16 sites. Note the sudden phase-reversal of the oscillating waves (arrows) but the in-phase locking of unit discharges (dashed lines).