Fig. 2.

Behavioral task stimuli. A, APPEARANCE task; the subject indicated whether the name matched the pictured place. B, POSITION task; the identity of the subject’s current location was given, and the subject was asked to indicate the direction of a second, target place. All targets were located in a cardinal direction (forward, behind, left or right). Note that the “sky” background, although textured, did not provide any useful orienting information. C, CONTROL task; different scrambled words and scenes were presented in response to the subject alternating left and right button presses.