Table 3.

TNF-α (IU/ml)-like activity in the plasma of saline-, turpentine-, or LPS-treated rats

Time (hr)	Saline (i.m.)	Turpentine (i.m.)	LPS (i.v.)
0	153  ± 45	243  ± 45	302  ± 102
1	239  ± 62	298  ± 91	21,324  ± 8345
2	–	213  ± 60	6125  ± 1021
3	319  ± 71	193  ± 35	939  ± 129
4	–	300  ± 89	–
5	267  ± 32	218  ± 56	–
6	–	312  ± 82	–
7	299  ± 76	278  ± 56	–

Rats were injected with either 50 μl/100 gm of either saline or turpentine (i.m.) or 5 μg/kg LPS (i.v.). n = 3–5 per experimental group. i.m., Intramuscular; i.v., intravenous.