Table 4.

TNF-α activity (IU/mg protein) in specific brain regions in control, turpentine-, and LPS-treated rats

	Control	LPS (1 μg, i.c.v.) 1 hr	LPS (1 μg, i.c.v.) 3 hr	Turpentine 5, 6.5, 8 hr
Hypothalamus	Not detectable	63.5  ± 9.8	23.2  ± 3.7	Not detectable
	(1.7–2.4)			(0.2–2.7)
Hippocampus	Not detectable	39.3  ± 8.0	79.1  ± 23.7	Not detectable
	(0.9–1.4)			(0.6–4.8)
Cerebral cortex	Not detectable	11.0  ± 0.8	25.5  ± 2.5	Not detectable
	(1.8–4.0)			(0.7–3.4)

Rats remained either untreated (control) or were injected either intramuscularly with 50 μl/100 gm turpentine or intra-cerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with LPS (1 μg/rat). Rats were killed either 1 or 3 hr after LPS or 5, 6.5, or 8 hr after turpentine; brain regions were dissected and homogenized, and TNF-α activity of the resulting supernatants was determined. Values in parentheses are the range of detection limits for each sample.n = 3–4 per group.