Table 2.

Extent of astrogliosis in CD1 adult mouse brain treated with a neutralizing antibody to IFN-γ (XMG)

Treatment	Extent of astrogliosis
Saline	4  ± 0 (7)
XMG
5 μg/ml	3.8  ± 0.3 (4)
50 μg/ml	3.8  ± 0.3 (4)
100 μg/ml	3.5  ± 0.5 (4)
200 μg/ml	3.7  ± 0.2 (7)
IL-10
200 IU/ml	1.8  ± 0.2 (3)*

Sections from corticectomized animals treated with gelfoam soaked in test solutions were evaluated blind on a scale of 1 (no gliosis) to 4 (extensive astrogliosis); the number of animals analyzed is shown in parentheses. One section per animal, at the site of corticectomy, was analyzed. Values are mean ± SEM. As reported previously (Balasingam and Yong, 1996), IL-10, used as a positive control here, attenuated astrogliosis;

^*p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s multiple comparisons, with p set at 0.05). Note that the concentrations of XMG administered in gelfoam in vivo are much higher, in most cases, than the concentrations used to neutralize IFN-γ bioactivity in vitro (Fig. 6). This is so because preliminary experiments with the concentrations used in vitro had not diminished astrogliosis when applied in gelfoam.