Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| EC (N = 20 462) | ERCP (N = 21 938) | PA (N = 938) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 74.4 ± 8.3 | 76.7 ± 8.9a | 77.4 ± 9.1a,b |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Male | 8925 (44.9) | 9327 (42.5)a | 471 (50.2)a,b |
| Female | 11 537 (55.1) | 12 611 (57.5)a | 467 (49.8)a,b |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 13 131 (75.7) | 13 902 (63.3) | 599 (63.9) |
| Black | 968 (5.6) | 1024 (5.6) | 79 (9.5) |
| Hispanic | 2135 (12.3) | 2012 (11.0) | 97 (11.7) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 589 (3.4) | 844 (4.6) | 21 (2.5) |
| Native American | 67 (0.4) | 82 (0.5) | 3 (0.4) |
| Other or unknown | 461 (2.7) | 487 (2.7) | 29 (3.5) |
| Procedure in a major operating room | |||
| Yes | 10 613 (51.9) | 640 (2.9)a | 94 (10.0)a,b |
| No or unknown | 9849 (48.1) | 21 298 (97.1)a | 844 (90.0)a,b |
| Chronic disease | |||
| Ischemic heart disease | 4982 (24.4) | 6058 (27.6)a | 387 (41.3)a,b |
| Heart failure | 2283 (11.2) | 3221 (14.7)a | 302 (32.2)a,b |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3231 (15.8) | 3603 (16.4) | 195 (20.8)a,b |
| Cancer | 757 (3.7) | 1582 (7.2)a | 87 (9.3)a,b |
| Any of the above | 8499 (41.5) | 10 496 (47.8)a | 628 (7.0)a,b |
ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EC, ERCP followed by cholecystectomy; PA, percutaneous aspiration.
a,b
Indicate a statistically significant difference vs EC and ERCP groups, respectively.