Table 3. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of Overall Mortality After Heart Transplantation (N = 18,396).
| Covariate | HR | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-transplant ICU staya | 1.3 | 1.1, 1.5 | 0.007 |
| Age group (years) | |||
| < 1 | 0.8 | 0.6, 1.0 | 0.060 |
| 2 - 11 | 0.6 | 0.5, 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| 12 - 18 | 0.9 | 0.7, 1.2 | 0.583 |
| 19 - 29 | 1.4 | 1.2, 1.7 | < 0.001 |
| 30 - 39 | 1.1 | 0.9, 1.3 | 0.196 |
| 40 - 49 | Ref. | - | - |
| 50 - 59 | 1.1 | 0.9, 1.2 | 0.342 |
| 60 - 69 | 1.3 | 1.2, 1.5 | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 70 | 1.8 | 1.4, 2.2 | < 0.001 |
| Interaction of ICU stay with age group (years) | |||
| < 1 | 0.9 | 0.6, 1.3 | 0.587 |
| 2 - 11 | 0.7 | 0.5, 1.1 | 0.115 |
| 12 - 18 | 0.7 | 0.5, 1.0 | 0.069 |
| 19 - 29 | 0.9 | 0.7, 1.2 | 0.590 |
| 30 - 39 | 0.9 | 0.7, 1.2 | 0.396 |
| 40 - 49 | Ref. | - | - |
| 50 - 59 | 0.9 | 0.7, 1.1 | 0.276 |
| 60 - 69 | 0.9 | 0.7, 1.1 | 0.246 |
| ≥ 70 | 0.6 | 0.4, 1.0 | 0.051 |
| Female gender | 1.1 | 1.0, 1.2 | 0.015 |
| Race | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref. | - | - |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.5 | 1.4, 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 1.0 | 0.9, 1.1 | 0.956 |
| Other | 1.0 | 0.9, 1.2 | 0.716 |
| BMI category | |||
| Underweight | 1.0 | 0.8, 1.1 | 0.807 |
| Normal weight | Ref. | - | - |
| Overweight | 1.2 | 1.1, 1.3 | < 0.001 |
| Indication for transplant | |||
| Congenital heart disease | Ref. | - | - |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 0.5 | 0.4, 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 0.8 | 0.7, 0.9 | 0.001 |
| Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy | 0.6 | 0.5, 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 0.8 | 0.6, 0.9 | 0.014 |
| Valvular heart disease | 0.6 | 0.4, 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Other | 0.6 | 0.4, 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1.3 | 1.1, 1.5 | 0.002 |
| Mechanical circulatory support | |||
| None | Ref. | - | - |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 2.0 | 1.6, 2.5 | < 0.001 |
| Ventricular assist device | 1.1 | 1.0, 1.2 | 0.001 |
| Inotrope use | 1.0 | 0.9, 1.1 | 0.632 |
| Dialysis on waitlist | 1.8 | 1.5, 2.2 | < 0.001 |
| Bilirubin > 2 mg/dL | 1.2 | 1.1, 1.3 | < 0.001 |
| Infection requiring IV antibiotics | 1.2 | 1.1, 1.3 | < 0.001 |
| Allograft ischemia time (h) | |||
| < 2 | Ref. | - | - |
| 2 - 4 | 1.0 | 0.9, 1.1 | 0.888 |
| > 4 | 1.2 | 1.1, 1.4 | < 0.001 |
aHazard ratio (HR) reflects estimate for ages 40 - 49 years. The interaction terms estimate how this HR is modified in other age groups. BMI: body mass index.