Table 1.

Contemporary psychological descriptions of mindfulness: what and how.

Author	What	How
Kabat-Zinn, 1994, Kabat-Zinn, 2003	Paying attention, or the awareness that arises through paying attention	on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally; with an affectionate, compassionate quality, a sense of openhearted, friendly presence and interest
Marlatt & Kristeller, 1999	Bringing one's complete attention to present experiences	on a moment-to-moment basis, with an attitude of acceptance and loving-kindness
Bishop et al., 2004	Self-regulation of attention so that it is maintained on the immediate experience	with an orientation characterized by curiosity, openness, and acceptance
Germer, Siegel, & Fulton, 2005	Awareness of present experience	with acceptance: an extension of nonjudgment that adds a measure of kindness or friendliness
Linehan, 2015	The act of focusing the mind in the present moment	without judgment or attachment, with openness to the fluidity of each moment