The correlation between evolutionary rates (dN/dS ratios) and altitude, gene expression, and connectivity. (A) Box plots showing the dN/dS ratios across all pairs of complementary gene sets: DEGs and non-DEGs and altitude-associated genes (AAGs) and non-AAGs. The P value above each pair indicates the significance of the difference in dN/dS ratio between the 2 complementary gene sets (Mann–Whitney U test). (B and C) dN/dS as a function of (B) gene expression and (C) connectivity. All lines represent the results of smoothing functions for different sets of genes. The green line represents all orthologous genes, the pink line represents altitude-associated genes, and the blue line represents non-altitude-associated genes. Ortholog expression and dN/dS ratio are negatively correlated, as are connectivity and dN/dS ratio.