Table 1. Mediator levels, hemodynamic, renal and blood gas parameters.
| pH 7.4 | pH 7.2 (mixed acidemia) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| normoxemia | hypoxemia | |||||||||||
| control | CVVH | control | CVVH | control | CVVH | |||||||
| baseline | a. 5h | baseline | a. 5h | baseline | a. 5h | baseline | a. 5h | baseline | a. 5h | baseline | a. 5h | |
| 1.1 Mechanical ventilation and markers for biotrauma | ||||||||||||
| Peak inspiratory pressure [mbar] | 22 (22/24) | 22 (21/24) | 21 (20/22) ‡ | 21 (20/22) # | 18 (18/27) | 14 (14/19) | 18 (16/20) ‡ | 17 (16/20) # | 20 (20/20) | 20.0 (18/20) | 20 (20/22) | 18 (14/20) |
| pulmonary atelectasis | 40–65% | 10–25% | ||||||||||
| IL-6 plasma [pg/ml] | 11 (8/11) | 11 (10/13) | 0 (0/109) | 93 (0/115) | 107 (0/263) | 274 (143/460) | 0 (0/0) | 93 (0/174) | 0 (0/0) | 77 (0/236) | 0 (0) | 97 (41/172) |
| TNF-α plasma [pg/ml] | 0 (0/15) | 9 (2/16) | 37 (6/45) | 44 (38/45) | 30 (5/78) | 56 (6/71) | 47 (0/68) # | 26 (12/35) § | 69 (55/97) | 14 (0/47) | 117 (102/322)# | 53 (39/77) § |
| IL-18 plasma [pg/ml] | 509 (417/703) | 406 (354/461) | 12 (7/14) | 80 (61/108) # | 23 (7/214) | 354 (134/ 627) |
52 (42/72) | 249 (162/357)# | 273 (211/353) | 373 (319/474) | 244 (222/258) | 465 (300/675) |
| 1.2 Hemodynamic parameters and oxygenation | ||||||||||||
| PaO2 [mbar] | 170 (160/191) | 163 (122/211) | 430 (394/472) | 422 (387/456) | 397 (257/429) | 219(135/ 338)# |
457 (436/478) | 350 (287/399)§ | 412 (378/440) | 79 (68/88) #,$ | 490 (467/496) | 62 (48/64) §,$ |
| SvO2 [%] | 78 (68/84) | 56 (55/69) | 77 (75/80) | 72 (66/74) | 82 (84/89) | 67 (53/72) | 78 (78/80) | 66 (64/68) † | 79 (78/80) | 60 (38/61) | 80 (76/82) | 28 (21/40) † |
| MAP [mmHg] | 70 (65/81) | 115 (108/115) | 110 (99/115) | 90 (72/97) | 103 (98/103) | 72 (67/77) | 97 (93/104) | 66 (64/68) § | 88 (84/98) | 57 (46/60) | 117 (104/121) | 49 (47/54) § |
| CVP [mmHg] | 6 (4/8) | 6 (3/7) | 8 (7/9) | 8 (7/9) | 9 (7/11) | 12 (10/14) ‡ | 5 (2/7) | 6 (3/9) ‡ | 6 (3/10) | 7 (5/13) | 9 (7/11) | 11 (9/12) |
| PAOP [mmHg] | 6 (6/10) | 8 (6/11) | 10 (9/12) | 10 (9/12) | 9 (7/10) | 11 (10/14) | 8 (6/10) | 10 (8/11) | 10 (7/10) | 13 (12/17) | 10 (9/12) | 10 (9/12) |
| CO [l/min] | 5.3 (5.2/5.5) | 4.1 (3.6/4.1) | 4.2 (3.9/4.6) | 3.4 (3.0/4.0) | 4.7 (4.4/4.8) | 3.5 (2.9/4.1) | 3.9 (3.5/4.5) | 3.5 (3.3/3.9) |
4.0 (3.9/4.1) | 4.0 (3.4/4.8) | 3.7 (3.3/4.1) | 3.9 (3.8/4.2) |
| SVR [dyn*sec*cm-5] | 875 (838/1430) | 2207 (1711/ 2625) |
1880 (1724/ 2139) |
1626 (1525/ 1688) |
1589 (1361/ 1816) |
1350 (1205/ 1652) ‡ |
1912 (1745/ 2254) |
1282 (1217/ 1294) # |
1543 (1466/ 1648) |
892 (819/ 1059) ‡ |
2252 (2142/ 2293) |
732 (592/ 879) # |
| DO2 [ml/min] | 632 (586/717) | 452 (440/500) | 550 (467/613) | 370 (341/432) | 593 (499/655) | 396 (339/505) | 525 (483/555) | 422(407/ 456)† |
553 (500/620) | 395 (341/515) | 454 (401/501) | 332 (263/364)† |
| VO2 [ml/min] | 161 (89/169) | 190 (146/216) | 164 (154/173) | 141 (118/164) | 126 (114/141) | 164 (156/212) | 140 (112/152) | 167 (163/169) | 150 (132/172) | 179 (175/185) | 118 (114/125) | 180 (178/186) |
| 1.3 Acid-base homeostasis and kidney function | ||||||||||||
| pH arterial blood | 7.47 (7.46/7.53) | 7.51 (7.5/7.53) | 7.48 (7.47/7.5) | 7.44 (7.42/7.47) | 7.44 (7.43/7.45) | 7.25 (7.23/ 7.28) † § |
7.45 (7.43/7.46) | 7.22 (7.21/ 7.23) † |
7.49 (7.47/7.5) | 7.22 (7.21/7.25) | 7.46 (7.45/ 7.48) |
7.23 (7.23/7.24) |
| PaCO2 [mbar] | 40 (39/42) | 39 (38/39) | 44 (44/45) | 43 (42/46) # | 46 (45/48) | 80 (73/86) | 47 (44/48) | 84 (82/87) # | 43 (41/44) | 77 (73/78) § | 45 (43/46) | 92 (88/95) § |
| diuresis [ml/kg/h] | 1.2 (0.3/3.4) | 1.5 (1.4/1.7) | 7.2 (6.4/18.0) | 7.2 (5.6/13.6) | 5.2 (2.6/7.8) | 7.0 (4.6/10.4) | 7.2 (5.2/12.4) | 9.8 (8.4/17.0) § | 10.0 (5.8/12.6) | 3.8 (1.4/5.2) | 6.6 (5.2/8.4) | 3.4 (1.0/5.8) § |
| creatinine clearance [ml/min] | 32.7 (20.9/ 118.8) |
93.9 (80.1/ 115.8) |
42.5 (18.3/ 114.1) |
70.9 (64.3/ 110.1) |
52.3 (47.1/81.5) | 61.4 (48.1/ 83.9) |
52.2 (27.3/ 121.2) |
48.9 (7.5/66.1)$ | 64.7 (57.1/ 172.1) |
80.1 (58.4/90.7) $ | 45.8 (32.0/ 85.9) |
27.8 (15.3/76.1) |
| pH urine | 7.83 | 7.88 | 7.4 (7.1/7.7) $ ß |
7.25 (7.2/7.4) +Δ | 6.95 (6.0/7.1) $ | 6.2 (6.0/6.5) Δ | 6.75 (5.9/7.1) ß | 6.2 (5.7/6.8) + | 6.85 (6.1/7.3) | 6.15 (6.0/6.2) | 6.75 (6.4/7.0) | 6.65 (6.5/6.7) |
| IL-18 urine [pg/ml] | 177 (148/268) | 239 (214/311) | 136 (111/178) | 96 (85/102) | 109 (98/123) | 109 (80/134) | 119 (105/134)§ | 81 (69/115) | 119 (111/134)$ | 115 (104/117) | 65 (62/94) § $ | 71 (61/76) |
| NGAL urine [RU*100/ml/kg/h] | 1418.8 (326.4/ 1745.6) |
282.4 (194.0/ 422.0) |
12.0 (4.6/ 20.0) |
20.0 (4.2/29.2) | 40.6 (27.6/ 105.4) § |
34.0 (18.2/ 38.2) |
12.0 (10.4/ 12.6) § |
18.6 (10.6/ 20.2) $ |
18.6 (6.2/31.8) | 98.4 (72.2/ 134.8) |
27.8 (10.0/ 45.4) |
77.6 (44.6/ 228.8) $ |
| Serum creatinine [mg/dl] | 1.2 (1.0/1.2) | 1.2 (1.0/1.3) | 1.0 (0.9/1.2) | 1.2 (1.0/1.3) | 1.0 (1.0/1.0) | 1.2 (1.0/1.4) | 1.1 (1.1/1.2) | 1.1 (1.1/1.4) | 1.2 (1.1/1.3) | 1.4 (1.4/1.6) | 1.1 (1.0/1.2) | 1.5 (1.4/1.8) |
Data are presented as median with 25th and 75th percentiles at baseline (after complete instrumentation of the animals) and after five hours exposure respective to the experimental protocol. Pairs of symbols mark (e.g. ††) significant difference between two groups, grey background marks significant difference between baseline value and value after 5 hours exposure (p < 0.05 for all). CVVH means continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, control means control groups (without CVVH) as described in the article. The groups are further divided into groups with ‘normal’ acid-base balance (pH 7.4), groups exposed to acidemia (pH 7.2) and additional hypoxemia (as described in the article).