. 2019 Jun 17;14(6):e0213225. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213225

Table 3. Summarized results from respondents at health facilities and community.

Highlighted features from IDIs and facility level FGDs	Highlighted features from community level FGDs
• Training of health care providers • Separate rooms/curtains in wards to ensure privacy • Equipment and supplies needed to ensure functional unit for critical neonatal care • Water and Sanitation facilities to maintain hygiene • Supplies (e.g., KMC binder and clothes) for mother and newborn to practice KMC	• Community members were found aware that– - newborns should be protected against the cold; and - skin-to-skin could be a beneficial way to protect these babies at risk • But skin-to-skin contact to provide warmth is not the prevailing norm. • Support from family members is very crucial to continue KMC practice; specifically, support from mother-in-law and sister-in-law is crucial for the recently delivered mother to practice KMC. • Given the extended family structure in Pakistan, it is highly likely that other female family members will be able to support the mother to practice KMC. • Husbands are usually not the caregivers of the newborns and less likely to have any active role in practicing KMC. Although, husbands showed willingness to practice KMC for the health and survival of their newborns. Nonetheless, husbands may have little time to practice given their responsibilities of working outside home or they also may suffer challenges of prevailing customs and socio-cultural norm. • Mother’s obligation to perform household chores is one critical barrier to KMC practice and many mothers found KMC as a burden due to responsibilities at home or work

Highlighted features from IDIs and facility level FGDs

Highlighted features from community level FGDs

• Training of health care providers
• Separate rooms/curtains in wards to ensure privacy
• Equipment and supplies needed to ensure functional unit for critical neonatal care
• Water and Sanitation facilities to maintain hygiene
• Supplies (e.g., KMC binder and clothes) for mother and newborn to practice KMC

• Community members were found aware that–
- newborns should be protected against the cold; and
- skin-to-skin could be a beneficial way to protect these babies at risk
• But skin-to-skin contact to provide warmth is not the prevailing norm.
• Support from family members is very crucial to continue KMC practice; specifically, support from mother-in-law and sister-in-law is crucial for the recently delivered mother to practice KMC.
• Given the extended family structure in Pakistan, it is highly likely that other female family members will be able to support the mother to practice KMC.
• Husbands are usually not the caregivers of the newborns and less likely to have any active role in practicing KMC. Although, husbands showed willingness to practice KMC for the health and survival of their newborns. Nonetheless, husbands may have little time to practice given their responsibilities of working outside home or they also may suffer challenges of prevailing customs and socio-cultural norm.
• Mother’s obligation to perform household chores is one critical barrier to KMC practice and many mothers found KMC as a burden due to responsibilities at home or work