Table 2.
Differences in study variables according to neuropathy status among participants with type 2 DM
| Variable | Neuropathy status | |||
| Nociceptive ( score ≤ 12,n = 117 ) | Unclear neuropathy (score 13 – 19,n = 58 ) | Neuropathy ( score ≥ 19,n = 64 ) | P value * | |
| Age (year) | 55.41±8.26† | 59.79±9.27†‡ | 55.55±9.57‡ | <0.01 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 59 (50.4) | 25 (43.1) | 15 (23.4) | <0.01 |
| Female | 58 (49.6) | 33 (56.9) | 49 (76.6) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.42±3.94 | 31.17±5.14 | 31.95±4.44 | 0.08 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 21 (17.9) | 11 (19) | 11 (17.2) | 0.97 |
| No | 96 (82.1) | 47 (81) | 53 (82.8) | |
| Duration of DM (year) | 6 (2–10) | 6.5 (4–10) | 6 (3–11) | 0.62 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 8.6 (6.6–12.28) | 8.5 (6.98–11.05) | 8.5 (6–13.05) | 0.91 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.68 (6.79–9.20) | 7.59 (6.84–9.48) | 8.02 (6.77–9.64) | 0.79 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 138.67±18.08 | 139.67±17.41 | 135±13.38 | 0.25 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 83.75±10.52 | 82.43±11.11 | 82.03±8.79 | 0.51 |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL) | 14.34 (8.86–21.65) | 15.58 (8.29–25.73) | 13.77 (7.43–23.85) | 0.83 |
| Vitamin D status | ||||
| Deficient (<20 ng/mL) | 82 (70.1) | 36 (62.1) | 44 (68.8) | 0.55 |
| Insufficient (20–30 ng/mL) | 22 (18.8) | 17 (29.3) | 12 (18.8) | |
| Sufficient (>30 ng/mL) | 13 (11.1) | 5 (8.6) | 8 (12.5) | |
| On neuropathic pain medication (Gabapentin) | ||||
| Yes | 5 (4.3) | 6 (10.3) | 5 (7.8) | 0.26 |
| No | 112 (95.7) | 52 (89.7) | 59 (92.2) | |
*Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were determined using one way analysis of variance test with post hoc analysis or Kruskal-Wallis H test for continuous variables and χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Data were expressed as frequency (%), mean±SD or median (25th–75th percentiles). Neuropathy status was determined using PainDETECT questionnaire.21
†Post-hoc analysis revealed significant difference in age between nociceptive and unclear neuropathy groups.
‡Post-hoc analysis revealed significant difference in age between unclear neuropathy and neuropathy groups.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure.