Table 2.
Basic characteristics of the study population with or without NAFLD or obesity
| Non-NAFLD without obesity | Non-NAFLD with obesity | NAFLD without obesity | NAFLD with obesity | P value among all four groups* | |||
| Total number | 11 598 | 1117 | 1494 | 1717 | |||
| Incident gastric cancer, % (N) | 0.22 (25) | 0.18 (2) | 0.54 (8) | 0.76 (13) | |||
| Incident colorectal cancer, % (N) | 0.23 (27) | 0.45 (5) | 0.27 (4) | 0.93 (16) | |||
| Male, % (N) | 45.4 (5270) | 63.2 (706) | 81.4 (1216) | 81.1 (1393) | <0.001 | ||
| Exerciser, % (N) | 18.2 (2102) | 15.5 (172) | 14.9 (221) | 13.7 (235) | <0.001 | ||
| Never smoker, % (N) | 63.9 (7393) | 52.5 (586) | 45.8 (682) | 45.4 (776) | <0.001 | ||
| Ex smoker, % (N) | 16.6 (1916) | 20.8 (232) | 27.2 (405) | 25.7 (439) | <0.001 | ||
| Current smoker, % (N) | 19.5 (2261) | 26.7 (298) | 27.1 (403) | 29 (495) | <0.001 | ||
| Diabetes, %(N) | 0.6 (66) | 1.7 (19) | 4.6 (68) | 8.5 (146) | <0.001 | ||
| P value between two groups† | |||||||
| Non-NAFLD without obesity #1 | Non-NAFLD with obesity #2 | NAFLD without obesity #3 | NAFLD with obesity #4 | #1 and #2 | #1 and #3 | #1 and #4 | |
| Alcohol consumption, mg/week | 31.3 (48.4) | 39.6 (53.8) | 35.1 (51.3) | 33.6 (49.6) | 0.017 | <0.001 | 0.225 |
| Age, year | 43.4 (9.1) | 44.4 (8.7) | 46.6 (8.6) | 44.3 (8.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 20.9 (2.1) | 26.6 (1.6) | 23.1 (1.4) | 27.9 (2.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 111.3 (13.9) | 122.5 (13.5) | 120.3 (14.3) | 128.1 (15) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 69.4 (9.7) | 76.8 (9.5) | 75.8 (9.7) | 80.8 (10.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| AST, IU/L | 16.9 (8.2) | 18.4 (13.1) | 20 (7.8) | 24.4 (12) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ALT, IU/L | 16.9 (11.2) | 22.2 (12.2) | 28.4 (14.5) | 38.3 (23.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| GGT, IU/L | 16.8 (13.5) | 23.3 (19.7) | 27.2 (21.6) | 32.6 (25.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Alb, g/dL | 4.32 (0.2) | 4.31 (0.19) | 4.39 (0.2) | 4.38 (0.2) | <0.001 | 0.247 | <0.001 |
| Platelet, 103/mL | 24.1 (5.6) | 25.1 (5.7) | 24.9 (5.3) | 25.2 (5.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| FIB4 index | 0.8 (0.39) | 0.75 (0.4) | 0.76 (0.33) | 0.75 (0.34) | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| NAFLD fibrosis score | 1.05 (0.23) | 1.11 (0.32) | 1.07 (0.26) | 1.14 (0.35) | 0.010 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 196.9 (33.4) | 206.2 (33.8) | 212.1 (33.6) | 214.3 (33.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 68.9 (45.4) | 97.9 (55.1) | 123 (72.3) | 144.5 (108.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 123.7 (30.1 | 137 (30.7 | 140.1 (30.7 | 141.6 (32.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 59.4 (15.1) | 49.5 (11.9) | 47.3 (11.8) | 44 (9.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 4.51 (1.22) | 5.22 (1.32) | 5.63 (1.14) | 5.9 (1.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 92.9 (9.9) | 97.7 (11.4) | 101.6 (16.6) | 105.1 (21.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.13 (0.39) | 5.23 (0.46) | 5.36 (0.63) | 5.5 (0.79) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Categorical variables are expressed as percentages (n). Continuous variables are expressed as the means (SD).
*The difference of the ratio among all four groups is tested by χ2 test.
†The difference between each group (#2, #3 or #4) and non-NAFLD without obesity group (#1) is tested by to Dunnett's test.
ALT, alanineaminotransferase; AST, aspartateaminotransferase; Alb, albumin; BMI, body mass index; FIB4, fibrosis-4index; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c, hemoglobinA1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.