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TUNEL test in different groups of apoptotic cells on olfactory epithelium showed that the number of apoptotic cells increased when olfactory function decreased (a and b). The activation of p38MAPK in histological analysis increased in AR mice with dysosmia compared with the control mice (c–e). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 versus the control group. ∗∗ p < 0.05 versus the control group. AR, allergic rhinitis
