Table 1.
Characteristic of 152 studied patients divided in different groups by time of overall survival and significant multicomparison tests among groups: T1 death within 6 months; T2 death within 12 months; T3 death within 18 months and T3S alive at 18 months
| Parameters | T1 | T2 | T3 | T3S | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients % | 47.36% (72/152) | 25.65% (39/152) | 5.26% (8/152) | 21.71% (33/152) | – |
| <0.0001* (A) | |||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 75.6±10.4 | 71.5±8.8 | 77.1±6.5 | 65.2±17.5 | T1 vs T3S: <0.005*(Sc) |
| Female | 43.1% (31/72) | 51.3% (20/39) | 25.0% (2/8) | 54.5% (18/33) | 0.385 (C) |
| Disease | |||||
| <0.0001* (C) | |||||
| T1: <0.0001** (Z) | |||||
| T2: <0.0001*** (Z) | |||||
| T3: 0.0090*** (Z) | |||||
| PHC (72) | 100% (72/72) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | T3S: <0.0001*** (Z) |
| <0.0001* (C) | |||||
| T1: 0.0001*** (Z) | |||||
| T2: <0.0001** (Z) | |||||
| CCA (42) | 0.0% | 100% (39/39) | 0.0% | 9.1% (3/33) | T3S: 0.0351*** (Z) |
| <0.0001* (C) | |||||
| GBC (5) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 62.5%(5/8) | 0.0% | T3: <0.0001** (Z) |
| <0.0001* (C) | |||||
| ACA (4) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 37.5% (3/8) | 3.0% (1/33) | T3: <0.0001** (Z) |
| <0.0001* (C) | |||||
| T1: 0.0042*** (Z) | |||||
| T2: 0.0123*** (Z) | |||||
| CHL (27) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 81.8% (27/33) | T3S: <0.0001** (Z) |
| CHA (1) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.0% (1/33) | 0.304 (C) |
| CHP (1) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.0% (1/33) | 0.304 (C) |
| % of patients with presence of specific pathogens isolated in bile samples | |||||
| Escherichia coli | 20.8% (15/72) | 28.2% (11/39) | 12.5% (1/8) | 24.2% (8/33) | 0.726 (C) |
| Klebsiella pneumonia | 12.5% (9/72) | 2.6% (1/39) | 12.5% (1/8) | 15.2% (5/33) | 0.295 (C) |
| Enterococcus spp. | 0.0% | 2.6% (1/39) | 0.0% | 3.0% (1/33) | 0.516 (C) |
| Enterobacter spp. | 1.4% (1/72) | 7.7% (3/39) | 0.0% | 6.1% (2/33) | 0.334 (C) |
| Citrobacter spp. | 5.6% (4/72) | 5.1% (2/39) | 12.5% (1/8) | 6.1% (2/33) | 0.877 (C) |
| Serratia spp. | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.0% (1/33) | 0.304 (C) |
| Aeromonas spp. | 1.4% (1/72) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.304 (C) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 23.6% (17/72) | 20.5% (8/39) | 25.0% (2/8) | 30.3% (10/33) | 0.809 (C) |
| Stenotrophomonas spp. | 5.5% (4/72) | 2.6% (1/39) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.454 (C) |
| 0.0339 * (C) | |||||
| Alcaligenes spp. | 0.0% | 10.3% (4/39) | 0.0% | 3.0% (1/33) | T2: 0.0354 ** (Z) |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 9.7% (7/72) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.0% (1/33) | 0.121 (C) |
| Achromobacter spp. | 4.2% (3/72) | 7.7% (3/39) | 12.5% (1/8) | 3.0% (1/33) | 0.614 (C) |
| Brevundimonas spp. | 1.4% (1/72) | 5.1% (2/39) | 0.0% | 3.0% (1/33) | 0.655 (C) |
| Delftia spp. | 2.8% (2/72) | 2.6% (1/39) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.768 (C) |
| Elizabethkingia spp. | 1.4% (1/72) | 2.6% (1/39) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.797 (C) |
| 0.0122* (C) | |||||
| GNBNI | 4.2% (3/72) | 2.6% (1/39) | 25.0% (2/8) | 0.0% | T3: 0.0029** (Z) |
| Candida albicans | 5.6% (4/72) | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.207 (C) |
| % of Patients where the pathogens isolated in bile were sensible (S) to the specific therapy | |||||
| Meropenem | 79.2% (57/72) | 74.4% (29/39) | 75.0% (6/8) | 75.8% (25/33) | 0.98 (C) |
| Imipenem | 80.6% (58/72) | 71.8% (28/39) | 62.5% (5/8) | 72.7% (24/33) | 0.54 (C) |
| Ertapenem | 75.0% (54/72) | 76.9% (30/39) | 75.0% (6/8) | 72.7% (24/33) | 0.98 (C) |
| 3GCs plus MT | 63.9% (46/72) | 51.3% (20/39) | 50.0% (4/8) | 42.4% (14/33) | 0.20 (C) |
| Aminoglycosides | 47.2% (34/72) | 38.5% (15/39) | 50.0% (4/8) | 36.4% (12/33) | 0.66 (C) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 58.3% (42/72) | 35.9% (14/39) | 37.5% (3/8) | 39.4% (13/33) | 0.08 (C) |
| Levofloxacin | 37.5% (27/72) | 18.0% (7/39) | 37.5% (3/8) | 33.3% (11/33) | 0.20 (C) |
| 3GCs | 43.1% (31/72) | 25.6% (10/39) | 25.0% (2/8) | 30.3% (10/33) | 0.24 (C) |
| Total survival rate | 52.6% (80/152) | 51.3% (41/80) | 80.5% (33/41) | 33 | 0.0033 * (C) |
| T3: 0.0042 *** (Z) | |||||
| Survival rate in cancer group only (CCA, GBC, PHC or ACA) | 39.50% (47/119) | (9/47)19.15% | (1/9) 11.11% | 1 | 0.0154 * (C) |
| No localized significant results at significant level α =0.05 | |||||
| Survival rate in no cancer group only(CHL, CHA or CHP) | (33/33)100% | (32/33) 96.97% | (32/32)100% | 32 | 0.37 (C) |
Notes: T1 = death within 6 months, T2 = death within 12 months; T3 = death within 18 months; T3S = patients survival at T3. *Significant test; **Significant more frequent; ***Significant less frequent.
Abbreviations: GNBNI, gram negative bacilli not identified; N, no response; R, resistant; S, sensible; 3GCs, 3rd generation cephalosporin; MT, metronidazole; CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; PHC, carcinoma of the head of the pancreas; ACA, ampullary carcinoma; GBC, gallbladder carcinoma; CHL, cholelithiasis; CHA, cholangitis; CHP, chronic pancreatitis; A, one way ANOVA test; Sc, Schaffè test for pairwise comparison; C, multicomparison chi-square test; Z, Z-test.