Table 1.

DSM V diagnostic criteria for opioid use disorder.³⁶

Two or more of the following within a 12-month period:

• Using larger amounts of opioids or over a longer period of time than was intended

• Persistent desire to cutback or unsuccessful efforts to control use

• Substantial amount of time spent obtaining, using or recovering from use

• Craving or strong desire to use opioids

• Failure to fulfill obligations at work, home or school due to use

• Continued use despite recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by use

• Giving up or reducing social, occupational or recreational activities due to use

• Recurrent opioid use in situations that may be physically dangerous

• Continued use despite knowledge of having a physical or psychological problem caused or exacerbated by opioids

• Tolerance*

• Development of withdrawal syndrome if use stopped*

Opioid use disorder severity:

• Mild 2-3 symptoms or signs

• Moderate 4-5 symptoms or signs

• Severe 6 or more symptoms or signs

^*Tolerance and withdrawal criteria not met if opioids only used under medical supervision and as intended.