The number of neurons in the EC of AD brains (n = 10) compared with CDR = 0 controls (n = 10), negatively correlated with clinical severity of dementia in all layers. Layers II and IV, in particular, showed the highest and earliest changes. In layer II, a difference of 57% was estimated in the CDR = 0.5 subgroup (n = 4) and 87% in the CDR = 3 subgroup (n = 5). In layer IV, differences of 41 and 69%, respectively, were estimated in the same CDR subgroups.