Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the patients included in the study

Variable
Age (years)	68.3±11.2
Male gender, n (%)	13 (54)
Race
Caucasian, n (%)	22 (92)
African American, n (%)	2 (8)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	31.6±6.3
Diabetes, n (%)	10 (42)
Hypertension, n (%)	20 (83)
Sleep apnea, n (%)	3 (13)
Obesity (body mass index > 30kg/m2), n (%)	12 (50)
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, n (%)	11 (46)
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	9 (38)
Coronary artery disease, n (%)	3 (13)
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)	1 (4)
Heart failure, n (%)	9 (38)
NYHA class
I, n (%)	3 (33)
II, n (%)	5 (56)
III, n (%)	1 (11)
Diastolic dysfunction
Grade I, n (%)	12 (50)
Grade II, n (%)	10 (42)
Grade III, n (%)	2 (8)
Medications
Beta blockers, n (%)	15 (63)
ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers, n (%)	17 (71)
Spironolactone, n (%)	2 (8)
Statins, n (%)	9 (38)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)*	130.2±23.9
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)*	77.4±13.4
Heart rate (bpm)*	73.1±18.1

^*average of 2 visits

ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme