FIGURE 16.

A, Hyperpolarized ¹³C MRSI of a prostate tumor in a human patient. The top images show the T₂-weighted MRI of the prostate. ¹³C spectra arrays of the voxels indicated in the above ¹H image show intense lactate signal in the tumor areas. ¹³C lactate/pyruvate ratio maps overlaid on a ¹H image and an ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) image are shown in the bottom panel. B, Hyperpolarized ¹³C MRSI of a patient with brain tumor showing the lactate peaks in a tumor and normal appearing brain regions. C, Hyperpolarized¹³C signal intensity maps of [1-¹³C] pyruvate, [¹³C] bicarbonate, and [1-¹³C] lactate of the heart from a healthy volunteer. Adapted from References 136, 183, 184, and with permission