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. 2019 Jun 17;10(7):478. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1710-2

Fig. 1. Effects of BMAA on cell viability and proliferation in striatal primary neurons and neural stem cells.

Fig. 1

Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay (a, b) and proliferation by DAPI staining (c, d) after treatment with 50 µM to 3 mM for 24 h. The cell cycle phase of cells treated with 250 µM BMAA was analyzed by flow cytometry (e, f). Apoptotic and necrotic cells were assessed with the annexin V and PI assay in cells treated with 250 µM BMAA (h). Apoptotic cell death was detected with 488-labeled annexin V; necrotic cells were detected with PI; cells that underwent apoptosis followed by necrosis were detected with annexin plus PI; and cells without labeling were live cells. The experimental design used for investigating BMAA effects on NSC (g). NSC were cultured for 3 days before passaging to obtain parent cells (P1). After 1 day in culture, P1 were exposed to BMAA for 24 h. To investigate mitotically inherited long-term effects of BMAA, P1 cells were passaged to daughter cells (D1 and D2). Values represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments, each with six replicates. Statistically significant differences from control are indicated as follow: ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey–kramer test)