Table 1.

The sequence of the experiments for all test groups in both sets of bumblebees and the flowers presented to them

Bee set	Test group	Number tested	Learning phase (60 visits)		Nonrewarding test (20 visits)		Retraining (20 visits)		Cross-modality test phase (20 visits)
Temperature to visual	Circle rewards	12	Rewarding*	Circle T	Nonrewarding*	Circle T	Rewarding	Circle T	Nonrewarding	Circle testV
			Nonrewarding*	Bar T	Nonrewarding*	Bar T	Nonrewarding	Bar T	Nonrewarding	Bar testV
Temperature to visual	Bar rewards	12	Rewarding*	Bar T	Nonrewarding*	Bar T	Rewarding	Bar T	Nonrewarding	Bar testV
			Nonrewarding*	Circle T	Nonrewarding*	Circle T	Nonrewarding	Circle T	Nonrewarding	Circle testV
Temperature to visual	Control	12	Rewarding*	No T	Nonrewarding*	No T	Rewarding	No T	Nonrewarding	Circle testV
			Nonrewarding*	No T	Nonrewarding*	No T	Nonrewarding	No T	Nonrewarding	Bar testV
Visual to temperature	Circle rewards	12	Rewarding	Circle V	Nonrewarding	Circle testV	Rewarding	Circle V	Nonrewarding	Circle T
			Nonrewarding	Bar V	Nonrewarding	Bar testV	Nonrewarding	Bar V	Nonrewarding	Bar T
Visual to temperature	Bar rewards	12	Rewarding	Bar V	Nonrewarding	Bar testV	Rewarding	Bar V	Nonrewarding	Bar T
			Nonrewarding	Circle V	Nonrewarding	Circle testV	Nonrewarding	Circle V	Nonrewarding	Circle T
Visual to temperature	Control	12	Rewarding	No V	Nonrewarding	No V	Rewarding	No V	Nonrewarding	Circle T
			Nonrewarding	No V	Nonrewarding	No V	Nonrewarding	No V	Nonrewarding	Bar T

Sections marked with an asterisk ‘*’ are described and recorded in Harrap et al. (2017). Artificial flower types are listed as follows: ‘circle T’, circle temperature pattern; ‘bar T’, bar temperature pattern; ‘no T’, control temperature pattern; ‘circle V’, circle learning visual pattern; ‘bar V’, Bar learning visual pattern; ‘no V’, control visual pattern; ‘circle testV’, circle test visual pattern; ‘bar testV’, bar test visual pattern