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. 2019 Jun 11;10:1291. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01291

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Copyright © 2019 Reis, Leal, Soares, Fernandes, Souza de Lima, de Alencar and Pontillo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flagellin induces better inflammasome activation in HIV-DC than LPS. 2 × 10⁵ MDDC from healthy donors (HD-DC; n = 20) or HIV-infected patients (HIV-DC; n = 20) were stimulated with 5 μg/mL flagellin (FLG) for 24 hours. 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 hours, or 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 hours plus 1 mM ATP for more 15 minutes were used as positive control for the activation of inflammasome and NLRP3 inflammasome, respectively. Culture supernatants were used to measure IL-1β (A) and IL-18 (B) concentration (pg/mL). Cells were harvested for analysis of caspase-1 activity by FAM-FLICA assay and flow cytometry. Percentage of FAM-FLICA+CD11c⁺ cells were reported for FLG-treated (FLG) and untreated (UN) MDDC (C). Data are represented as mean ± standard error. Two-Way ANOVA test was applied to compare conditions within a group (HIV-DC or HD-DC; ^*p < 0.05; LPS+ATP vs. LPS: ^#p < 0.05) and between groups (HIV-DC vs. HD-DC; ^§p < 0.05).