Table 2.
Prescription and substance use prevalence, all programs in West Virginia, 2012–2018.
| Prescribed drug | N | (Valid percent) | Site 1 (N = 196) |
Site 2 (N = 150) |
Site 3 (N = 124) |
Site 4 (N = 80) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSRIs | 44 | (8.5%) | 7 (3.6%) | 22 (16.1%) | 2 (1.7%) | 13 (19.1%) |
| Other anti-depressants | 12 | (2.3%) | 1 (0.5%) | 8 (6.0%) | 0 | 3 (4.4%) |
| Benzodiazepines | 28 | (5.4%) | 15 (7.7%) | 3 (2.2%) | 4 (3.5%) | 6 (8.8%) |
| Sleep aids | 16 | (3.1%) | 3 (1.5%) | 12 (9.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 |
| Anti-convulsants | 6 | (1.2%) | 1 (0.5%) | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (1.5%) |
| Opioids for pain relief | 22 | (4.4%) | 12 (6.2%) | 5 (3.8%) | 2 (1.8%) | 3 (4.4%) |
| Opioids for medication assisted treatment | 276 | (53.0%) | 46 (23.5%) | 95 (69.3%) | 78 (66.7%) | 57 (80.3%) |
| Non-opioid pain relievers | 29 | (5.7%) | 6 (3.1%) | 15 (11.4%) | 4 (3.5%) | 4 (5.9%) |
| Anti-psychotic drugs | 16 | (3.1%) | 3 (1.5%) | 8 (5.8%) | 0 | 5 (7.4%) |
| Smoking cessation drugs | 31 | (6.0%) | 13 (6.6%) | 9 (6.7%) | 0 | 9 (13.2%) |
| Substance use history (prior to pregnancy) | ||||||
| Alcohol | 286 | (72.7%) | 14 (7.3%)a | 108 (87.8%) | 106 (92.2%) | 58 (95.1%) |
| Tobacco use | 481 | (91.1%) | 177 (90.3%) | 129 (93.5%) | 107 (88.4%) | 68 (93.2%) |
| Cannabis use | 405 | (82.5%) | 138 (70.8%) | 121 (96.0%) | 94 (81.7%) | 52 (94.6%) |
| Stimulant use | 194 | (39.8%) | 11 (5.6%) | 82 (68.9%) | 50 (44.6%) | 51 (85.0%) |
| Hallucinogen use | 41 | (8.9%) | 0 | 23 (20.5%) | 5 (4.5%) | 13 (32.5%) |
| Opioid use (non-prescribed) | 398 | (74.7%) | 72 (36.7%) | 142 (97.9%) | 113 (94.2%) | 71 (98.6%) |
| Substance use during pregnancy | ||||||
| Alcohol | 56 | (11.7%) | 10 (5.1%) | 39 (33.9%) | 3 (2.6%) | 4 (7.7%) |
| Tobacco use | 416 | (79.1%) | 122 (62.6%) | 123 (89.8%) | 106 (87.6%) | 65 (89.0%) |
| Cannabis use | 265 | (54.0%) | 12 (63.7%)b | 94 (74.0%) | 20 (18.0%) | 28 (46.7%) |
| Stimulant use | 78 | (16.2%) | 9 (4.6%) | 33 (28.2%) | 10 (9.3%) | 26 (41.3%) |
| Hallucinogen use | 2 | (0.4%) | 0 | 1 (0.9%) | 0 | 1 (1.8%) |
| Opioid use (non-prescribed) | 340 | (64.6%) | 46 (23.7%) | 133 (93.0%) | 101 (86.3%) | 60 (83.3%) |
| Polysubstance usec | ||||||
| More than one illicit substance | 209 | (38.9%) | 32 (16.4%) | 110 (74.3%) | 28 (23.3%) | 39 (52.7%) |
| More than one substance | 408 | (75.6%) | 110 (56.4%) | 136 (91.3%) | 96 (79.3%) | 66 (88.0%) |
a
Site 1 defined as substance abuse rather than any use.
b
Site 1 N = 126 received brief intervention for Cannabis Use and stopped during first semester.
c
Number of women reporting during pregnancy use of more than one classification of drugs (e.g., Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannabis, Stimulant, Hallucinogen, Opioid/narcotic). Does not include more than one type within the same classification area.