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(a) Four hypothesized modules of pharyngeal swallowing in normal patients. (b) Alternative hypothesis representing four modules of pharyngeal swallowing in normal patients. Red circles = airway protection, purple diamonds = pharyngeal shortening, light blue triangles = bolus propulsion, and green squares = head and neck posture. (c) Alteration in modules in head‐and‐neck cancer patients with a disruption to pharyngeal shortening and bolus propulsion modules.
