Fig. 4.

Loss of nuclear matrix protein 4 (Nmp4) biases the mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPC) transcriptome toward the osteogenic lineage. Heatmap of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from wild-type (WT) and Nmp4^−/− MPSCs at day 3 (uncommitted) and day 7 (early osteogenesis) in culture. Red boxes indicate increased expression in the Nmp4^−/−cells compared with the WT, with greater color saturation indicating higher expression, and green color indicates reduced expression. The star indicates Nmp4 binds proximal to the transcription start site or within the intron of the gene as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis (16). Also shown, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) canonical pathways and z-scores that support osteogenesis. Orange ovals indicate pathways that are predicted to be activated, whereas blue ovals predict that the pathways are inhibited. Pten, phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; BMP, bone morphogenic protein.