Short-time apoptotic response of mesangial cells (MCs) to an increased glucose concentration. A−D: quantification of the apoptotic index (AI; A), Bcl-xL abundance (B), Bax abundance (C), and Bax accumulation on mitochondria (D) in MCs incubated with control (5.6 mM) or 15 mM glucose (HG15)-containing medium for 8 h. n = 12 coverslips from 4 individual cell preparations for the AI and Bcl-xL and n = 13 coverslips from 5 individual cell preparations for Bax. E and F: immunofluorescence staining for Bcl-xL (E) and Bax (F) expression (red) in MCs incubated with control or 15 mM glucose-containing medium for 8 h. Mitochondria are shown in green. Scale bars = 10 µm. G: quantification of the AI in MCs incubated with control, 15 mM glucose-, or 15 mM glucose + 0.2 mM phlorizin-containing medium for 8 h. Phlorizin was dissolved in DMSO, and an equal amount DMSO was added to all samples as a control. Data are expressed as means ± SE; n = 9 coverslips from 3 individual cell preparations. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.