Table 4.

Critical appraisal of systematic reviews of non-intervention studies based off AMSTAR (Shea et al., 2007).

	2	4	5	6	7	10	14	15	16
Alvarez et al. (2017)	–	+	–	–	–	–	++		–
Almedom (2005)	–	+	++	++	–	–	++		–
Carlson and Chamberlain (2003)	–	+	–	–	–	–	–		–
Choi et al. (2014)	+	+	++	–	++	–	++	++	++
De Silva et al. (2005)	+	+	++	++	++	–	++		++
Ehsan and De Silva (2015)	+	+	++	–	++	–	++		++
Gilbert et al. (2013)	+	+	++	–	–	–	++	++	–
Hu et al. (2014)	+	+	++	++	+	–	++		–
Islam et al. (2006)	–	+	–	++	–	–	–		–
Khazaeian et al. (2017)	–	+	++	++	+	–	++		++
McPherson et al. (2014)	+	+	++	++	+	–	++		++
McPherson et al. (2013)	+	+	++	++	+	–	++		++
Murayama et al. (2012)	–	–	–	++	–	–	–		++
Nyqvist et al. (2014)	+	+	++	–	+	–	++	++	++
Ransome et al. (2018)	–	+	++	++	++	–	++		–
Uphoff et al. (2013)	++	++	++	++	++	–	++		++
Villalonga-Olives and Kawachi (2017)	–	+	++	++	+	–	–		–

Notes: ++ yes; + partial yes; - no; empty space is not applicable. AMSTAR questions are listed in supplementary materials, Appendix D.